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💛前情提要💛
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以下内容干货满满，跟上步伐吧~
📌导航小助手📌
- 💡本章重点
- 🍞一. 概述
- 🍞二. 演示效果
- 🍞三.核心逻辑
- 🫓总结
💡本章重点
- 利用scrapy框架练习爬虫
🍞一. 概述
运用Python语言编程知识及实现网络数据采集的各种Python第三方库、Scrapy框架等实现技术爬取网页信息，要求爬取的网页信息至少包括两种类型：标题列表页（该页要包括分页功能）和详情页。
🍞二. 演示效果
整体框架
文件导出
数据库导出
🍞三.核心逻辑
编写对应蜘蛛程序
def start_requests(self):# 爬列表页 只爬1页for page in range(1, 2):yield Request(url="https://jobs.51job.com/beijing/p{}".format(page), callback=self.parse)def parse(self, response: HtmlResponse, **kwargs):# time.sleep(3)# 查看网页内容# print(response.text)sel = Selector(response)# 浏览器F12 选中目标，鼠标右击copy selector# 得到原始css选择器 body > div.maincenter > div.mcon > div.left > div.detlist.gbox > div:nth-child(7)title_text = sel.css('title::text').extract_first()# title_text = sel.xpath('//title/text()').extract_first()# 测试一下标题能不能获取到，如果不能，几乎可以肯定有问题print("title_text:", title_text)list_items = sel.css('div.detlist.gbox > div')for list_item in list_items:job_item = JobItem()job_id = list_item.css('input::attr(value)').extract_first()title = list_item.css('p.info > span.title > a::text').extract_first()location = list_item.css('p.info > span.location.name::text').extract_first()salary = list_item.css('p.info > span.location:not(.name)::text').extract_first()# 得到的是 '学历要求：本科' , 需要处理一下得到 '本科'degree = list_item.css('p.order::text').extract_first().split('：')[1].strip()# 详情页面detail_url = list_item.css('p.info > span.title > a::attr(href)').extract_first()print("test:", job_id, title, location, salary, degree, detail_url)job_item['job_id'] = job_idjob_item['title'] = titlejob_item['location'] = locationjob_item['salary'] = salaryjob_item['degree'] = degreeyield Request(url=detail_url,callback=parse_detail,cb_kwargs={'item': job_item})def parse_detail(response: HtmlResponse, **kwargs):job_item = kwargs['item']sel = Selector(response)# 原始css选择器 div.tCompany_main > div.tBorderTop_box> div.tmsg.inboxcompany_detail = sel.css('div.tmsg.inbox::text').extract_first()print('company_detail:', company_detail)job_item['company_detail'] = company_detailyield job_item
构造Items
class JobItem(scrapy.Item):job_id = scrapy.Field()title = scrapy.Field()location = scrapy.Field()salary = scrapy.Field()degree = scrapy.Field()company_detail = scrapy.Field()
编写文件管道（Excel）
class ExcelPipeline:def __init__(self):self.wb = openpyxl.Workbook()self.ws = self.wb.activeself.ws.title = 'Jobs'self.ws.append(['职位ID', '职位','工作地点', '薪资范围','学历要求', '公司详情'])def open_spider(self, spider):passdef close_spider(self, spider):self.wb.save('51jobs.xlsx')def process_item(self, item, spider):company_detail, degree, job_id, location, salary, title = get_infos(item)# self.ws.append([job_id, title, location, salary, degree, company_detail])self.ws.append((job_id, title, location, salary, degree, company_detail))return item
编写数据库管道及建表
class DbPipeline:def __init__(self):self.conn = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', port=3306, user='root', password='root',db='spyder', charset='utf8mb4')self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()def close_spider(self, spider):print('commit------------------------------')self.conn.commit()self.conn.close()def process_item(self, item, spider):company_detail, degree, job_id, location, salary, title = get_infos(item)self.cursor.execute('insert into tb_51job_items (job_id, title, location, salary, degree, company_detail) ''values (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)',(job_id, title, location, salary, degree, company_detail))return item
CREATE TABLE spyder.tb_51job_items (job_id varchar(100) NULL COMMENT '职位ID',title varchar(100) NULL COMMENT '职位',location varchar(100) NULL COMMENT '工作地点',salary varchar(100) NULL COMMENT '薪资范围',`degree` varchar(100) NULL COMMENT '学历要求',company_detail varchar(2000) NULL COMMENT '公司详情'
)
ENGINE=InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci;
配置管道及优先级
ITEM_PIPELINES = {"spider51job.pipelines.ExcelPipeline": 300,"spider51job.pipelines.DbPipeline": 400
}
编写中间件代码
def __init__(self):self.browser = create_chrome_driver(headless=False)self.browser.get('https://jobs.51job.com')# 初始化时, 先访问主页, 得到cookie信息cookie_file = '51job_cookies.json'# 这边也可以先人工运行test_generate_cookies.py提前生成好cookies信息,下面直接add_cookies使用就可以了generate_cookies(self.browser, cookie_file)add_cookies(self.browser, cookie_file)def __del__(self):# 爬完关闭浏览器self.browser.close()def process_request(self, request, spider):# Called for each request that goes through the downloader# middleware.# Must either:# - return None: continue processing this request# - or return a Response object# - or return a Request object# - or raise IgnoreRequest: process_exception() methods of# installed downloader middleware will be calledself.browser.get(request.url)# time.sleep(5)if request.url.startswith('https://jobs.51job.com/beijing/p'):wait_obj = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 10)wait_obj.until(expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#searchForm')))print('爬的时候可能也被反爬，需要人工滑块!')# page_source这个可以获取到动态页面的源代码return HtmlResponse(url=request.url, body=self.browser.page_source,encoding='utf-8', request=request)
🫓总结
综上，我们基本了解了“一项全新的技术啦” 🍭 ~~
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