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这篇文章主要带大家实现一个简单的Spring框架，包含单例、多例bean的获取，依赖注入、懒加载等功能。文章内容会持续更新，感兴趣的小伙伴可以持续关注一下。

目录

一、创建Java项目

二、开始实现Spring

1、创建BeanFactory接口

2、创建ApplicationContext接口

3、创建ApplicationContext接口的实现类

4、实现Spring IOC功能

创建配置类

创建自定义注解

@Lazy

@Bean 

@Scope

@Configuration

@Component

@Repository

@Service

@Controller

@ComponentScan

创建bean的定义

修改AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

5、创建单例bean和非单例bean

6、使用Spring获取bean对象

7、未完待续

---

一、创建Java项目

首先，需要创建一个Java工程，名字就叫spring。

创建完成后，如下图，再依次创建三级包

二、开始实现Spring

Spring中最重要也是最基础的类就是Spring容器，Spring容器用于创建管理对象，为了方便实现类型转换功能，给接口设置一个参数化类型（泛型）。

1、创建BeanFactory接口

BeanFactory是spring容器的顶级接口，在该接口中定义三个重载的获取bean的方法。

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public interface BeanFactory<T> {Object getBean(String beanName);T getBean(Class<T> type);T getBean(String beanName, Class<T> type);
}

2、创建ApplicationContext接口

ApplicationContext接口扩展自BeanFactory接口

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public interface ApplicationContext<T> extends BeanFactory<T> {}

3、创建ApplicationContext接口的实现类

创建一个ApplicationContext接口的实现类，实现接口中定义的所有抽象方法。

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class AnnotationConfigApplicationContext<T> implements ApplicationContext<T> {@Overridepublic Object getBean(String beanName) {return null;}@Overridepublic T getBean(Class<T> type) {return null;}@Overridepublic T getBean(String beanName, Class<T> type) {return null;}}

4、实现Spring IOC功能

首先，组件扫描需要一个扫描路径，可以通过配置类上的@ComponentScan注解指定，如果不指定，则默认为配置类所在的包。

创建配置类

在当前包下创建一个类，配置包扫描路径。

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@ComponentScan("com.example.spring")
public class SpringConfig {}

创建自定义注解

@Lazy

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Lazy {boolean value() default false;
}

@Bean 

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Bean {String value();
}

@Scope

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Scope {String value();
}

@Autowired

package com.example.spring.annotation;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Autowired {boolean required() default true;
}

@Configuration

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Component
public @interface Configuration {String value();
}

@Component

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Component {String value() default "";
}

@Repository

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Component
public @interface Repository {String value();
}

@Service

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Component
public @interface Service {String value();
}

@Controller

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Component
public @interface Controller {String value();
}

@ComponentScan

package com.example.spring;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ComponentScan {String value();
}

创建bean的定义

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class BeanDefinition {/*** bean的类型*/private Class type;/*** bean的作用域*/private String scope;/*** 是否懒加载*/private boolean lazy;public Class getType() {return type;}public void setType(Class type) {this.type = type;}public String getScope() {return scope;}public void setScope(String scope) {this.scope = scope;}public boolean isLazy() {return lazy;}public void setLazy(boolean lazy) {this.lazy = lazy;}}

修改AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

1、添加一个属性clazz，用于保存实例化时传递的配置类对象参数；

2、Spring容器中创建用于保存bean的定义BeanDefinition的map；

3、在初始化spring容器时，从指定的路径下开始扫描，地柜扫描当前目录及其子目录，把@Component注解标注的类加载出来，以bean名称为key，bean的信息封装成的BeanDefinition为value保存到一个map中；

4、创建单例对象池，也是一个map，保存单例bean；

package com.example.spring;import com.example.spring.annotation.*;import java.io.File;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class AnnotationConfigApplicationContext<T> implements ApplicationContext<T> {private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new HashMap<>();/*** 单例对象池*/private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects = new HashMap<>();public final Class<T> clazz;public AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Class<T> clazz) throws ClassNotFoundException {this.clazz = clazz;// 扫描组件componentScan(clazz);// 把组件中非懒加载的单例bean保存到单例池for (Map.Entry<String, BeanDefinition> entry : beanDefinitionMap.entrySet()) {String beanName = entry.getKey();BeanDefinition beanDefinition = entry.getValue();if(isSingleton(beanDefinition.getScope()) && !beanDefinition.isLazy()) {Object bean = createBean(beanDefinition);singletonObjects.put(beanName, bean);}}}/*** 创建bean对象* @param beanDefinition bean的定义* @return Object 创建好的bean对象*/private Object createBean(BeanDefinition beanDefinition) {Object bean = null;Class beanType = beanDefinition.getType();// 获取所有构造方法Constructor[] constructors = beanType.getConstructors();try {/*** 推断构造方法* 1、没有提供构造方法：调用默认的无参构造* 2、提供了构造方法：*   - 构造方法个数为1*     - 构造方法参数个数为0：无参构造*     - 构造方法参数个数不为0：传入多个为空的参数*   - 构造方法个数 > 1：推断失败，抛出异常*/if (isEmpty(constructors)) {// 无参构造方法Constructor constructor = beanType.getConstructor();bean = constructor.newInstance();} else if (constructors.length == 1) {Constructor constructor = constructors[0];// 得到构造方法参数个数int parameterCount = constructor.getParameterCount();if (parameterCount == 0) {// 无参构造方法bean = constructor.newInstance();} else {// 多个参数的构造方法Object[] array = new Object[parameterCount];bean = constructor.newInstance(array);}} else {throw new IllegalStateException();}// 获取bean的所有自定义属性Field[] fields = beanType.getDeclaredFields();// 处理字段注入for (Field field : fields) {if (field.isAnnotationPresent(Autowired.class)) {// 获取bean，并设置到@Autowired注入的属性中Object autowiredBean = getBean(field.getName());field.setAccessible(true);field.set(bean, autowiredBean);}}} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException e) {e.printStackTrace();}return bean;}private boolean isEmpty(Object[] array) {return array.length == 0;}private boolean isSingleton(String scope) {return "singleton".equals(scope);}/*** 扫描组件* @param clazz 配置类的类对象* @throws ClassNotFoundException 类找不到*/private void componentScan(Class<T> clazz) throws ClassNotFoundException {if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(ComponentScan.class)) {ComponentScan componentScan = clazz.getAnnotation(ComponentScan.class);String value = componentScan.value();if (!"".equals(value)) {String path = value;path = path.replace(".", "/");URL resource = clazz.getClassLoader().getResource(path);File file = new File(resource.getFile());loopFor(file);}}}/*** 递归遍历指定文件？文件夹* @param file 文件/文件夹* @throws ClassNotFoundException 类找不到*/private void loopFor(File file) throws ClassNotFoundException {if (file.isDirectory()) {for (File listFile : file.listFiles()) {if (listFile.isDirectory()) {loopFor(listFile);continue;}toBeanDefinitionMap(listFile);}} else if (file.isFile()) {toBeanDefinitionMap(file);}}/*** 解析bean，并保存到Map<String, BeanDefinition>* @param file 解析的class文件* @throws ClassNotFoundException 类找不到*/private void toBeanDefinitionMap(File file) throws ClassNotFoundException {String absolutePath = file.getAbsolutePath();absolutePath = absolutePath.substring(absolutePath.indexOf("com"), absolutePath.indexOf(".class"));absolutePath = absolutePath.replace("\\", ".");Class<?> loadClass = clazz.getClassLoader().loadClass(absolutePath);String beanName;if (loadClass.isAnnotationPresent(Component.class)) {Component component = loadClass.getAnnotation(Component.class);beanName = component.value();if ("".equals(beanName)) {beanName = getBeanName(loadClass);}boolean lazy = false;String scope = "singleton";// 类上使用了@Scope注解if (loadClass.isAnnotationPresent(Scope.class)) {// 获取@Scope注解Scope annotation = loadClass.getAnnotation(Scope.class);// 单例if (isSingleton(annotation.value())) {if (loadClass.isAnnotationPresent(Lazy.class)) {Lazy loadClassAnnotation = loadClass.getAnnotation(Lazy.class);if (loadClassAnnotation.value()) {lazy = true;}}} else {// 非单例scope = annotation.value();}} else {// 类上没有使用@Scope注解，默认是单例的if (loadClass.isAnnotationPresent(Lazy.class)) {Lazy annotation = loadClass.getAnnotation(Lazy.class);if (annotation.value()) {lazy = true;}}}// 保存bean的定义BeanDefinition beanDefinition = new BeanDefinition();beanDefinition.setType(loadClass);beanDefinition.setLazy(lazy);beanDefinition.setScope(scope);beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);}}/*** 根据类对象获取beanName* @param clazz bean的Class对象* @return String bean名称*/private String getBeanName(Class<?> clazz) {String beanName = clazz.getSimpleName();// 判断是否以双大写字母开头String className = beanName.replaceAll("([A-Z])([A-Z])", "$1_$2");// 正常的大驼峰命名：bean名称为类名首字母大写if (className.indexOf("_") != 1) {beanName = beanName.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase().concat(beanName.substring(1));}
//        else { // 否则，bean名称为类名
//            beanName = beanName;
//        }return beanName;}@Overridepublic Object getBean(String beanName) {BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);if (beanDefinition == null) {throw new NullPointerException();}return getBean(beanName, beanDefinition);}@Overridepublic T getBean(Class<T> type) {if (type == null) {throw new IllegalStateException("bean类型不能为空！");}// 保存指定类型的bean的个数AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger();// 保存同一类型的beanMap<String, BeanDefinition> objectMap = new HashMap<>();for (Map.Entry<String, BeanDefinition> entry : beanDefinitionMap.entrySet()) {String beanName = entry.getKey();BeanDefinition beanDefinition = entry.getValue();Class beanType = beanDefinition.getType();if (beanType.equals(type)) {count.addAndGet(1);objectMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);}}if (count.get() == 0 || count.get() > 1) {throw new IllegalStateException();}return (T) getBean((String) objectMap.keySet().toArray()[0], (BeanDefinition) objectMap.values().toArray()[0]);}@Overridepublic T getBean(String beanName, Class<T> type) {if (type == null) {throw new IllegalStateException("bean类型不能为空！");}BeanDefinition beanDefinition = beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);if (type.equals(beanDefinition.getType())) {return (T) getBean(beanName, beanDefinition);}throw new IllegalStateException();}/*** 统一获取bean的方法* @param beanName bean名称* @param beanDefinition BeanDefinition* @return Object 符合条件的bean对象*/private Object getBean(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition) {String scope = beanDefinition.getScope();if (isSingleton(scope)) {Object object = singletonObjects.get(beanName);// 懒加载的单例beanif (object == null) {Object bean = createBean(beanDefinition);singletonObjects.put(beanName, bean);}return singletonObjects.get(beanName);}return createBean(beanDefinition);}}

5、创建单例bean和非单例bean

创建一个UserService的单例bean

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Component
public class UserService {}

创建一个UserMapper的非单例bean

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
@Component
@Scope("prototype")
public class UserMapper {}

6、使用Spring获取bean对象

package com.example.spring;/*** @author heyunlin* @version 1.0*/
public class SpringExample {public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {AnnotationConfigApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);Object userService1 = applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);Object userService2 = applicationContext.getBean(UserService.class);Object userService3 = applicationContext.getBean("userService");Object userService4 = applicationContext.getBean("userService");Object userService5 = applicationContext.getBean("userService", UserService.class);Object userService6 = applicationContext.getBean("userService", UserService.class);System.out.println(userService1);System.out.println(userService2);System.out.println(userService3);System.out.println(userService4);System.out.println(userService5);System.out.println(userService6);System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------");Object userMapper1 = applicationContext.getBean(UserMapper.class);Object userMapper2 = applicationContext.getBean(UserMapper.class);Object userMapper3 = applicationContext.getBean("userMapper");Object userMapper4 = applicationContext.getBean("userMapper");Object userMapper5 = applicationContext.getBean("userMapper", UserMapper.class);Object userMapper6 = applicationContext.getBean("userMapper", UserMapper.class);System.out.println(userMapper1);System.out.println(userMapper2);System.out.println(userMapper3);System.out.println(userMapper4);System.out.println(userMapper5);System.out.println(userMapper6);}}

通过上面三种方法获取到的bean是同一个

7、未完待续

文章和代码持续更新中，敬请期待~

手写Spring Framework源码https://gitee.com/he-yunlin/spring.git